Cathinone
Cathinone, or
benzoylethanamine (marketed as
hagigat in Israel
[1]), is a
monoamine alkaloid found in the
shrub Catha edulis (
khat) and is chemically similar to
ephedrine,
cathine and other
amphetamines. Cathinone induces the release of
dopamine from striatal preparations that are prelabelled either with dopamine or its precursors.
[2] It is probably the main contributor to the
stimulant effect of
Catha edulis. Cathinone differs from many other amphetamines in that it has a
ketone functional group. Other amphetamines that share this structure include the
antidepressant bupropion and the stimulant
methcathinone, among others.
Internationally, cathinone is a
Schedule I drug under the
Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
[3] Circa 1993, the
DEA added cathinone to the
Controlled Substances Act's Schedule I.
The sale of khat is legal in some jurisdictions, but illegal in others — see
Khat (Regulation). Synthetic cathinone is also often used as the key ingredient of recreational drug mixes commonly known as '
bath salts' in the United States.
[4]
Chemistry
The molecular structure of cathinone.
Cathinone is structurally related to
methcathinone, in much the same way as
amphetamine is related to
methamphetamine. Cathinone differs from amphetamine by possessing a
ketone oxygen atom (C=O) on the
β (beta) position of the side chain. The corresponding alcohol compound
cathine is a less powerful stimulant. The biophysiological conversion from cathinone to
cathine is to blame for the depotentiation of
khat
leaves over time. Fresh leaves have a greater ratio of cathinone to
cathine than dried ones, therefore having more psychoactive effects.
Cathinone can be extracted from
Catha edulis, or synthesized from
α-
bromopropiophenone (which is easily made from
propiophenone).
Toxic effects
Excessive cathinone usage can cause loss of appetite, anxiety, irritability,
insomnia,
hallucinations and panic attacks. Chronic abusers are at risk of
developing personality disorders and of sustaining myocardial
infarction.
[5] Please note that the drug referred to in this article was actually the closely related
mephedrone,
a cathinone derivative which does not occur in nature. Mephedrone is
more potent as a releasing agent of serotonin compared to cathinone or
methcathinone, hence its use in
party pills as a "legal" replacement for
MDMA. Persons driving under the influence of the drug have had their
serum or urine tested for the presence of cathinone and norephedrine, a major metabolite.
[6]
Sumber berita : en.wikipedia
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